How long does a complete DACUM analysis typically take?

A comprehensive DACUM analysis typically takes three to five days to complete. This includes the initial brainstorming session (usually one full day), task organisation and validation (one to two days), ranking and occupation definition development (one to two days). However, the specific timeline depends on job complexity, focus group availability, and the depth of analysis required. Some simpler roles may be completed in two days, whilst complex roles requiring multiple focus groups may extend to a week or more.

How many people should be involved in a DACUM focus group?

The ideal DACUM focus group size is four to eight participants. This size allows diverse perspectives whilst maintaining effective group dynamics. Include at least two to three high-performing employees in the specific role being analysed, one or two supervisors or team leaders who understand the full scope of responsibilities, and ideally one or two people from related roles who may perform some overlapping tasks. Smaller groups may miss important tasks; larger groups become unwieldy and difficult to facilitate effectively.

Can DACUM be used for multiple job roles within the same organisation?

Yes, DACUM can be applied to multiple roles. Many organisations use DACUM across their entire occupational structure. However, each distinct role requires its own DACUM analysis, as job tasks, duties, and requirements vary significantly between positions. If analysing multiple related roles (such as different maintenance technician specialisations), consider whether some DACUM sessions could combine participants from both roles to identify overlapping competencies and streamline curriculum design.

How should DACUM results be updated when industry requirements change?

DACUM analyses should be reviewed and updated every two to three years, or more frequently if the industry experiences significant technological or methodological changes. Create a formal review schedule and involve current industry experts in validation. When updates occur, focus on identifying new tasks or duties, assessing whether any tasks have become obsolete, and confirming that task rankings remain accurate. This approach keeps your curriculum aligned with current industry requirements whilst avoiding unnecessary overhauls.

What's the difference between DACUM and traditional job analysis methods?

Traditional job analysis often relies on observation, questionnaires, or interviews conducted by external analysts. DACUM is participatory—it places workers themselves at the centre of the analysis process, capturing their tacit knowledge directly. DACUM typically produces results much faster than traditional methods, is more engaging for participating workers, and creates stronger buy-in from industry partners because they've directly shaped the outcomes. However, DACUM requires skilled facilitation and works best with accessible, willing participants.

Curriculum Development in TVET Using the DACUM Model

The DACUM model is a proven, evidence-based approach to developing relevant and comprehensive vocational curricula that align with real-world industry demands. This article includes a free DACUM template and guidance video.